IPI Demands Probe into Serbia’s Spyware Crackdown

December 18, 2024 – General –

IPI, alongside other leading press freedom groups, has urgently called for a thorough investigation into the Serbian government’s intrusive surveillance tactics targeting journalists and their sources. This appeal comes in response to alarming evidence that both intelligence agencies and police have exploited invasive spyware, such as Cellebrite’s forensic tools and a domestic implant known as “NoviSpy,” without any legal oversight. Investigative journalists working with outlets like BIRN received malicious links via messaging apps; forensic analysis confirmed that the resulting spyware was used to extract contacts, screenshots, and potentially activate device cameras and microphones.

These spyware operations predominantly occur during or immediately after police interviews and detentions, suggesting a deliberate and methodical state strategy to compromise the confidentiality of investigative reporting. The apps in question were installed clandestinely on journalists’ devices, bypassing any warrants or transparent procedures. Amnesty International’s December 2024 report exposed the presence of the spyware and detailed how the police and BIA conducted data extraction while maintaining custody of affected reporters and activists.

IPI and its partners in the Media Freedom Rapid Response coalition have condemned these actions as a form of digital repression aimed at breaking the trust between journalists and their sources. They stress that this constitutes an even graver violation than traditional physical intimidation, as it allows authorities to preempt and intercept critical investigations. The organizations have demanded that Serbian authorities disclose all contracts involving surveillance technology, explain the legal basis and scope of its deployment, and publicly account for these operations.

Furthermore, IPI’s statement urges tech firms like NSO Group and Cellebrite to review their agreements with Serbian clients and withdraw technology licenses where misuse is confirmed. It also calls on the European Union to hold Serbia accountable and enforce safeguards under accession terms and human rights laws. Without such reforms, press freedom in Serbia risks collapsing under a stealthy yet pervasive digital chokehold.

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Urgent need for a swift and thorough investigation into intelligence and police invasive surveillance of journalists and sources